A comprehensive health effects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey.

COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87-2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74-1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90-2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92-2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused.

Institutional Reconstruction of Promoting and Maintaining the Level of Compliance with Health Protocols in Indonesia during the Pandemic.

This article aimed to observe the efforts of Indonesia and the problems faced in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the indecisive public policy and the reluctance of people from all walks of life to comply with the Health Protocols (HP) from the perspective of sociological institutionalism (Nee 2003; Nee and Opper 2015). A two-step variant of SSM-based multi method by Muhammaditya et al. (2021) was applied by inserting (1) Textual Network Analysis by Segev (2020) at stage 1 of SSM to obtain an insightful understanding of the problem situation and to enrich the rich picture, and (2) Social Network Analysis at stage 5 of SSM to expand a skillful discussion on the reality. The research novelty was elaborated in four main empirical facts: First, government policies had initially faltered in dealing with the pandemic, reflected by the dissonance in the statements made by high-ranking state officials. Second, there was a great number of people disregarding HP and pandemic mitigation policies, particularly during annual rites, the end of year celebration, and Eid Al-Fitr. Third, the government encountered a dilemma in issuing policies, whether to remain encouraging economic growth, guarantee the continuity of economic activities, or end the spread of COVID-19. Fourth, the direct involvement of the president in handling COVID-19 had a significant impact in reducing active cases that no province was declared as alert areas in October 2021. Meanwhile, the methodological novelty reflected in broader data and analysis through SNA and TNA methods had enriched the practice of SSM in finding sharper conclusions.

Examining the level of compliance with health protocols in elementary schools in Ilam city during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in 1400-1401

Background and Objective: One of the basic strategies to reduce the prevalence of diseases among people in society, especially children and adolescents, during the epidemic of COVID-19 disease, is to observe hygiene and personal protection behaviors. The present study was conducted to determine the level of compliance with health protocols in primary schools of Ilam city during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in 1400-1401. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Ilam city with a statistical sample of 49 schools (25 girls' schools and 24 boys' schools). In this study, the 2019 new coronavirus disease care and control checklist was used in schools, which has 15 questions with a total score of 100. Data with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and T-Test statistical tests using SPSS software. V21 was analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the parameters of school health assessment before reopening (100 percent) and screening of people in terms of vaccination by PCR test (zero percent). The average score of compliance with the checklist was 74.3 in girls' schools and 74.38 in boys' schools. Also, the results of the T-Test showed that there is no significant relationship between the mean scores of girls' and boys' schools (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the score obtained for compliance with the checklist parameters of all schools in Ilam city is less than 85 points, and the main reason for this is the non-compliance of the screening parameter of people in terms of vaccination/PCR test in schools. © 2023 Iranian Association of Environmental Health, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Factors related to adherence with the implementation of COVID-19 health protocols in a traditional market traders' community in East Java, Indonesia.

Objectives: To observe the relationship of perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action with adherence to coronavirus disease-2019 protocols among traders. Method: The descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2021, in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia, and comprised traders in a traditional market. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model, and a coronovirus disease-2019 protocol adherence questionnaire after confirming the validity and reliability of the instruments. RESULTS: Of the 332 subjects, 191(57.5%) were females and 141(42.5%) were males. The largest age group was 30-39 years 137(41.3%), followed by 40-49 years in 132(39.8%). Overall, 293(88.3%) subjects had no history of chronic diseases. The main sources of information related to coronavirus disease-2019 were family/friends 84(25.3%), social media 83(25%) and television 82(24.7%). There were significant relationships of perceived susceptibility (p=0.000; r=0.215), perceived seriousness (p=0.004; r=0.157), perceived benefits (p=0.003; r=0.163), perceived barriers (p=0.001; r=-0.178) and cues to action (p=0.002; r=0.168) with protocol adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action were found to affect a person's adherence with coronavirus disease-2019 protocols.

A Surveillance System Controlling Covid-19 in Office Environments

COVID-19 is one of the pandemic diseases that has hit the world including Sri Lanka. He has a virus that became the target of bids to stop its spread. Including the implementation of health protocols, to provide information about the spread of the virus emergency response, detection services for suspicious persons infected with the virus, and programs to contain the spread of the virus ensuring that the whole of Sri Lanka gets vaccinated. Here, the research focuses on the minimal spread of the face mask in the office e nvironment a n i dentification system that uses a deep learning model that prioritizes object recognition for the identification o f e mployees w ho w ear a f ace m ask and detects social distancing and crowd gathering, if any if there is a violation, it will inform via a voice notification. L oss o f Smell after the next component. One person can use one disposable card to check the smell of sniffing. E ach d isposable c ard has QR codes, and all QR codes are encrypted by adding data. The user scans the QR code on their ticket and then scratches off and smelled the smelling area and selected the corresponding scent on the disposable card. Employee company attendance is a proposed automated attendance system using facial recognition. Because it requires minimal human influence a nd o ffers a high level of accuracy and marking employee attendance and employee body temperature measurement, facial recognition will appear to be a practical option. This system aims to provide a high level of protection. Automated Attendance systems that detect and recognize are safe, fast, and time-consuming savings. This technique can also be used to identify an unknown person. © 2022 IEEE.

Adherence to COVID-19 health protocols in an online news context in the Philippines: A manifest content analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Globally, adherence to COVID-19 health and safety protocols played a crucial role in preventing the spread of the virus. Thus, this study analyzed online news articles reporting adherence to COVID-19 health and safety protocols in the Philippines. DESIGN: Manifest content analysis. SAMPLE: News articles (n = 192) from three major online news portals in the Philippines. MEASUREMENT: Published online news articles were collected during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021). Bengtsson's content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Member-checking and intercoder reliability validated the study's results. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: (a) adherence, (b) non-adherence, and (c) partial adherence. The subthemes were labeled who, what, when, where, and why. The same behavior, social distancing, was the most adhered to and non-adhered COVID-19 health protocol. This protocol has the highest occurrences in political protest, religious-related activities, and self-initiated quarantine. Leisure activities both showed non-adherence and partial adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Online news articles depicted Filipinos' adherence to health and safety protocols. Their adherence was primarily determined by one's group or community, social norms, and values. The government and its public health agencies should strengthen current efforts and continuously re-evaluate existing policies to modify ineffective and confusing safety health protocols.

Study of COVID-19 Health Protocol Standards in Construction Industry of Indonesia

Due to the decrease in GNI per capita, the Indonesian government has launched its national economic recovery program in response to the COVID-19 emergency crisis, known as the New Normal and ordered to partially resume on-hold infrastructure projects followed by the implementation of a new, integrated COVID-19 health protocol. This research presents a study of health protocol standard implementation in the construction industry with the aim of formulating recommendations for minimum criteria elements that can be used for construction services companies at all levels. The domain-taxonomy analysis approach was used as the research method: the ISO/PAS 45005:2020 and ILO standards were adapted to Ministerial Regulation of PUPR No. 10 Year 2020. A gap analysis was conducted with Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia. The analysis generated four segregated main groups of elements with level-2 sub criteria. The main groups of elements were: Planning, Prevention, Handling, and Control and Evaluation. These criteria were validated and implemented in a case study of state-owned construction enterprises, here called PT. X and PT. Y, with large, qualified construction companies. From the implementation analysis it was found that PT. X and PT. Y had implemented the minimum criteria of the COVID-19 health protocol for construction workers very well. © 2022 Published by ITB Institute for Research and Community Services.

The influencing factors of compliance with health protocols related to Covid-19: a scoping review

Objective(s): The outbreak of Covid-19 is a global health emergency. Compliance with health protocols is the main key to preventing the transmission of this disease. The purpose of the present study was to review the related research to investigate the factors affecting compliance with health protocols related to Covid-19. Methods: This scoping review examined studies published in Persian and English language biomedical journals with related keywords including health protocols, masking, quarantine, distancing, hand washing, and risk perception in search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and SID. Results: In all 22 relevant articles were entered into the review. The results led to the identification of more than 30 effective factors in compliance with health protocols. Factors such as gender, understanding the risk of disease, government measures, the role of friends and family, the media, and people's information sources played the biggest role in people's compliance with the protocols, respectively. Also, protective measures such as staying at home when feeling unwell, covering coughs and sneezes, and not using public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic had reported having the highest compliance rate and the lowest was behaviors such as washing hands after sneezing and coughing as well as disinfecting the mobile phone. Conclusion: To increase compliance with protocols, it is necessary to consider individual and environmental factors affecting compliance with protocols, which can be categorized as facilitators, barriers, and encouragers of target health behaviors as these factors are context and time-dependent. Timely identification of accurate factors in any country is a key step in formulating and designing interventions to manage pandemics such as Covid- 19. © Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research. All rights reserved.

Digital educative public message: Health protocol awareness at pandemic COVID-19 periods (Instagram feeds @humasprovjatim)

Dissemination of information related to the issues of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Instagram account @humasprovjatim is interesting to study because of understanding the meaning and motives behind educational messages conveyed through the Instagram account @humasprovjatim. It can form awareness regarding health protocols during the pandemic and post-COVID-19 pandemic to realize changes in attitudes, behavior, and healthy lifestyles that reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze educational messages aware of health protocols on the Instagram account of Public Relations (PR) of East Java Province (@humasprovjatim). This study used content analysis methods with Pentad's Dramatic Analysis. The object studied was educational messages from the PR Instagram feed in March-December 2020. Result of this research is the dramatic rhetoric in the content of the Instagram feed by the PR of the province of East Java. The Instagram media is a rhetorical stage in conveying the message of community life in dealing with COVID-19. Conclusion of this research is that there is an important role for packaging content on their Instagram. The results of this study explain that the PR Instagram account is a stage where a "show" occurs which is considered capable of bridging the government to build educational messages regarding the health protocols presented in such a way to the public.

Determinants of observing health protocols related to preventing COVID-19 in adult women: A qualitative study in Iran.

Background: The best way to prevent COVID-19 is to observe health protocols. Therefore, identifying the reasons of following these protocols in order to plan and make intervention seems necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of observing health protocols related to prevention of COVID-19 among the Iranian adult women with a qualitative approach. Method: In this qualitative study, the conventional content analysis approach was used. saturation was obtained after face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 38 women from Kermanshah who were selected through purposeful sampling and snowball sampling. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used for the strength of the research and Graneheim and Lundman method was used for its analysis. Results: After analyzing the interviews, 5 categories, 12 subcategories and 110 initial codes were obtained. Categories and sub-categories were: 1- Individual factors (personality traits, health literacy about COVID-19); 2- Perceived risk having underlying disease in oneself and family, history of getting COVID-19 and death in close relatives; 3- Fear of the destructive consequences of the disease (concern about the economic consequences of getting the disease, concern about the treatment process); 4- Social and cultural factors (social monitoring, religious insight, ability to properly manage social interactions, impressionability from important others); 5- Environmental factors (supportive living environment, access to health and anti-infective materials). Conclusion: Increasing the adherence of adult women to health instructions related to COVID-19 requires interventions at different levels of individual, environmental and social, and without accurate knowledge of the customs and culture of a society effective interventions cannot be established.

Optimizing the Role of Urban Open Space in Supporting the Increasing of Public Awareness and Compliance with Health Protocols during the Pandemic

The level of the spread of covid-19, which is still high in the city of Semarang, indicates the low level of public awareness in complying with health protocols. The role of urban open space in Semarang City needs to be optimized to support this effort by adding several facilities that did not exist before the pandemic, so that people comply with health protocols, wear masks, wash their hands frequently and maintain physical distance when carrying out their social activities. The aim of this study is to determine how to optimize the role of public open space in supporting efforts to maintain the health of urban communities based on public awareness in complying with health protocols when doing activities. The research was conducted in three open spaces in Semarang, Indonesia, using survey methods and a descriptive qualitative analysis by observing the physical condition of the park, the behavior of the people in doing their activities, and park management officers. The results show that the three locations are now equipped with supporting facilities, but they are less effective in forcing people to remain obedient when doing activities. The level of public awareness and compliance has not met expectations and most of the people are still ignorant. Therefore, there is still a need to add more attractive and more massive facilities and to give more socialisations so that urban open spaces can be safe and healthy locations to visit as well as to play a more optimal role in improving people's physical and mental health during the pandemic.

Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a Framework to Understand Compliance Issues With Health Protocols Among People Undergoing Isolation at Emergency Hospital for COVID-19 Wisma Atlet Kemayoran and RSCM Kiara Ultimate Jakarta Indonesia.

Introduction: This study aims to identify the psychosocial determinants and examine the mediation mechanisms of the compliance with COVID-19 health protocols among people undergoing isolation in health facilities that specifically treat COVID-19 cases in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which used socio-cognitive approach, known as the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), to understand the complexity of issues related to compliance with health protocols. A total of 1,584 subjects participated in this study, including 865 men and 719 women over the age of 18 years old during the data collection period (October 19-26, 2020). The data were collected using questionnaire that was developed by a team of experts from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, and survivors. The data that has been collected were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, a multivariate data analysis technique. Results: The final research model in this study fulfills the criteria for a good model fit. This study found that individuals who have strong self-efficacy regarding their ability to implement behaviors and overcome obstacles will have stronger intent to comply in the future. The study also found that stronger intent will lead to stronger planning, and planning was found mediating intention and compliance with health protocols. Conclusion: This research model is comprehensive and useful in understanding compliance with health protocols among people undergoing isolation in health facilities for COVID-19 (Wisma Atlet and RSCM Kiara Ultimate). Having intent (related to the risk perception, outcome expectancies, and self-efficacy) and having a plan can positively influence the behavior of people undergoing isolation, resulting in better compliance to health protocols. The understanding gained from this study can be used to improve strategies related to compliance with health protocols against COVID-19 in the communities.

"Hey child, why were you born when the world is almost over?": An analysis of first-time mothers' postpartum experiences during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Coatepec, Veracruz, Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: In Coatepec, Mexico, the immediate postpartum is considered a special time, called the cuarentena, when postpartum women receive critical social support and observe diet and activity pre- and proscriptions-all intended to enhance maternal-child health. This study examined how public health mandates aimed at containing COVID-19, which instructed people to socially isolate, affected women's postpartum experiences, including observing the cuarentena. METHODS: We recruited first-time mothers from the local public health clinic and collected qualitative data via a verbally administered survey that covered knowledge/perceived threat of COVID-19 and its effect on the cuarentena and maternal mood. We used content analysis to analyze the data. RESULTS: We conducted 33 telephonic interviews from March to December 2020. Overall, women were knowledgeable about and receptive to public health messaging regarding COVID-19 risks and safety measures. Despite knowledge and receptivity, most followed their original cuarentena plans to observe culturally prescribed postpartum practices, even when doing so contradicted public health mandates. However, the mandates that limited socialization with friends and extended family during the cuarentena negatively affected maternal mood. DISCUSSION: Postpartum women, especially in under-studied low- and middle-income countries, merit research attention. Emergent from this study is that public health messaging should speak to its target audience in a way that makes sense within local contexts, which includes consideration of highly valued health practices. Future studies aimed at understanding how to achieve this goal will facilitate development of stronger programs that address public health needs and protect individual well-being.

Factors associated with compliance in implementing health protocols to prevent COVID-19 in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: To prevent the COVID-19 spread, the government requires people to comply with health protocols in public facilities, namely by wearing masks, washing hands and keeping a distance. This study aimed to determine what factors affect and reason for compliance in implementing health protocols. Methods: This research was an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional design conducted in Semarang City, Indonesia, with a total sample of 400 respondents. The independent variables were age, education, occupation, and health status. The dependent variable was compliance in wearing masks, washing hands and keeping a distance. Data were analysed with logistic regression test with significance level of 0.05. Results: From the survey, 76.6% of respondents obeyed wearing masks, 57.4% of respondents obeyed to wash their hands and 71.1% of respondents obeyed to keep their distance. The backward type logistic regression test found that the factors associated with health protocol compliance were age, education, occupation, health status, existing regulations and the desire to maintain health with a significance value of <0.001. However, field of work was not associated with using masks (p = 0.273), while health status was not associated with handwashing habits (p = 0.344). Conclusions: Factors that are associated with respondents' compliance with the health protocol are age, education, occupation, health status, self-motivation and regulation. The government need to raise awareness on adhering health protocols through the promotion about healthy lifestyle. © 2022 Jurnal Ners.

Exploring Teacher’s Perceptions on Compliance With Covid-19 Safety Protocols in Secondary Schools in Soshanguve

There is paucity of research in the country on resource provisioning to schools in the form of PPE’s. This article investigated the educator’s perceptions on the supply of PPE’s and compliance with COVID-19 safety protocols in Soshanguve secondary schools as measures to mitigate against the pandemic. In South Africa, education authorities implemented the standard operating procedure (SOP) as a disaster management tool for the prevention, containment and management of the COVID-19 in schools. A qualitative approach was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The snowball sampling method was used for the selection of participants (n=10) comprising teachers from different schools. The results suggest that there is a rampant disregard by schools for the COVID-19 health safety guidelines due to multiple factors ranging from insufficient resources and urgency of the work. We concluded that the Department of Basic Education did not supply schools with adequate resources to deal with COVID-19 challenges.

Implementation of health protocols in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Background: Covid-19 is a new disease for which no cure has been found;prevention of disease transmission is an alternative to reducing cases. The workplace is one of the places that have the potential for information of Covid-19 because workers will have direct contact in one place with other workers. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and availability of health protocol facilities on worker compliance in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The research method uses quantitative methods with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study are workers who work in formal and informal sectors in Indonesia, with a sample of 217 respondents. Data collection used a survey method and obtained as much as 217 data. For data processing, we used the Rank Spearman test. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between years of service (p-value 0.008;rho: 0.148), educational level (p-value 0.000;rho: 0.363), number of employees (p-value 0.000;rho: 0.488), and the availability of health protocol facilities (p-value 0.000;r: 0.498) at the workplace. As for age and the level of compliance with the application of health protocols, there was no relationship (p-value 0.044). Discussion: The level of compliance with suitable health protocols at the workplace can help suppress the spread of Covid-19. There are still workplaces where workers do not comply with health protocols, such as workers who do not practice social distancing and lower masks to their chins when talking to colleagues. © 2022 Yuantari et al;This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Application of layers of protection analysis to prevent coronavirus infection

Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is applied to an encounter with the SARS-COV-2 infection as an initiating event, and subsequently, independent protection layers (IPLs) (namely health safeguarding protocols), such as social distancing, ventilation, hand hygiene, face masks, and vaccinations. LOPA is applied considering numerical quantification of the COVID fatality index in order to manage the transmission risk to a tolerable level, namely the fatality risk due to seasonal flu. This measurement tool quantifies the ratio of the annual death rate due to the SARS-COV-2 infection to the annual death rate of the common flu, and it is applied to a chemical plant. The lower this quantified value is, the more the COVID-19 infection death rate approaches that of the common flu. Thus, any improvement in safeguarding protocols should reduce this index. The input data is based on public domain COVID-19 infection statistical data and websites accessible in the United Kingdom. The COVID-19 transmission rate is statistically analyzed with random number sampling to simulate the random pattern of the virus' person-to-person infection in the community. The success of the COVID-19 protection protocols is probabilistic and depends on the public's compliance, which is modeled by observational surveys.

COVID-19 in the Workplace in Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic because of its worldwide spread. The COVID-19 pandemic does not only impact public health but also the operations of businesses and workers’ safety in their workplace. The objectives of this study were to provide a broad perspective of COVID-19 prevention and control implementation in industries, investigate barriers and challenges as well as drivers in implementing COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide key recommendations to the policy makers regarding COVID-19 prevention and control in industries. This study was conducted through online interviews with selected organizations in various industries which were selected by the granting body, including agriculture and animal husbandry;construction;manufacturing;and logistic and goods transportation. It also involved policy makers from government agencies including the Ministry of Manpower, Ministry of Health, Indonesian Safety and Health Council, International Labor Organization, and Indonesian COVID-19 Task Force. The participants of this study were chosen using convenience sampling. The findings of this study indicate that health protocols are implemented to varying degrees in companies, both within and across the sectors, and that drivers to comply with the Health Protocols include compliance, business continuity, and top management commitment. The significant barriers and challenges include a perceived lack of clear direction from the government, rapid changes in directives’, poor worker awareness, and limited organizational resources. The key recommendations to the policy maker include harmonization of the guidelines and legislation, additional schemes to provide funding in the COVID-19 prevention and control implementation, as well as facilitate the ongoing education of the general working public.

COVID-19 Vaccination Service: Legal Issues and Health Workers Protection in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to discuss potential legal complications as well as the protection of health care employees involved in COVID-19 immunization services at HSFs. COVID-19 instances are increasing at an alarming rate, and strict health norms are falling behind. COVID-19 vaccinations are critical to halting the virus's transmission in the community, reducing disease-related suffering and mortality, boosting herd immunity, and protecting the community from COVID-19 while social and economic activities are restored. COVID-19 vaccination, on the other hand, continues to confront obstacles as a result of public rejection. This scientific publication is based on a normative legal approach. The public's refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine results in a plethora of complications, including public misconceptions and suspicions of vaccination conspiracies by healthcare professionals. According to a review of the literature, health workers who provide COVID-19 vaccination services in Indonesia are legally protected if they follow established procedures. Medical Practice Law No. 29 of 2004, Presidential Regulation No. 14 of 2021, Health Minister of Republic Indonesia Regulations No. 269 and 290, and Decree of the Minister of Public Health HK.01.07/Menkes/413/2020 concerning Coronavirus Disease Prevention and Control 2019 all provide legal protection for health workers. © 2022.

What experts say about COVID-19 vaccine work in human body

This health paper analysis discusses what experts think about the work of the COVID-19 vaccine in the human body. This study is part of general public health literacy. To facilitate the discussion, we obtained data through a Google search engine on many well-known publications concerned with health issues, especially the coronavirus prevention vaccination program. The publication journals we mean are Medpub, Google Book, Elsevier, Sagepub, Academic research, Taylor and France, and several other publications. We managed this paper in a qualitative design for secondary data exploration. Meanwhile, our research efforts are carried out. Namely, we use data coding, evaluation, and in-depth interpretation to draw conclusions that can answer the questions of this study validly and reliably. The result is that vaccine programs function by training the immune system to detect and fight viruses and bacteria. Do this;pathogenic molecules must be delivered into the body to elicit an immune response. These molecules, known as antigens, can be found in all viruses and bacteria. © 2022 International Journal of Health Sciences.